International Journal of Chemical and Biochemical Sciences (ISSN 2226-9614)[/vc_column_text][/vc_column][/vc_row]
VOLUME 29(23) (2026)
Use of κ-Carrageenan-Based Nanocomposites for The Removal of Dyes from Wastewater: A Review
Laiba Muneer1, Rida A. Shibli*,2
1Department of Chemistry, University of Agriculture Faisalabad, Pakistan.
2Plant Biotechnology Laboratory , Hamdi Mango Research Centre, The University of Jordan, Amnan, Jordan.
Abstract
Dye contamination of water is a worldwide environmental and health issue which calls for the development of efficient and environment friendly innovation. Adsorption has surpassed the others due to its great effectiveness, affordability, and ease of use. This review provides new adsorbent materials made from κ-carrageenan to remove heavy metals and dyes from wastewater bodies. The biodegradable red-seaweed polysaccharide κ-carrageenan shows enhanced mechanical strength, adsorption capacity, and chemical stability when combined with inorganic nanoparticles. It has both intrinsic gelation and a high degree of functional groups. With a focus on electrostatic forces of attraction, ion exchange, and complexation mechanisms, we critically assess preparation routes, structural features, and adsorption behaviors while highlighting advancements in field-use regenerability and readiness. Even so, operability is still constrained by a lack of field-scale or pilot experiments on real industrial wastes, regeneration efficiency, quantitative deconvolution of removal mechanisms, and long-term stability over a range of ionic strength, pH, and mixed-pollutant streams, as well as fluctuating testing procedures that make cross-study comparisons challenging. To close these crucial gaps and shift laboratory success into practical, expand wastewater treatment methods, standardized procedures, thorough mechanistic and economic studies, and field testing are required.
Keywords: Wastewater treatment, k-carrageenan base nanocomposites, dyes adsorption, k-carrageenan hydrogels
Full length article *Corresponding Author, e-mail: r.shibli@ju.edu.jo, Doi # https://doi.org/10.62877/7-IJCBS-26-29-23-7
Submitted: 22-01-2026; Accepted: 10-04-2026; Published: 11-04-2026